It is common knowledge that peripheral nervous system injuries (nerve trunks) imply chronic disalibilities and that traditional surgery techniques bear limited successful probabilities, especially in case of nerve segment replacement. Peripheral nerve injuries are consequent to nerve fibres damage which leads to distal nerve death and axonal degeneration. From a surgical perspective, such damages are treated by autologous grafts (donor nerves) and/or reabsorbable collagen guides. Results have been demonstrating that functional recovery rarely occurs and is associated with neuropathic pain especially when distance between damaged tissue parts is wide and the nerve length to be regenerated is important (nerve regenerates 1mm/die at best conditions).

Combination of scaffolds and autologous stem cells isolated from dermal tissue has shown, in experimental studies, an improved peripheral nerve regeneration without any histological evidence of tumor growth.